Scientists measure a water’s pH level to see if it is acidic, basic, or neutral. Let’s look at contributing factors that could tilt the scales in one direction or another.
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The USGS provides some information about the pH scale.
A short summary about why pH is an important measurement.
https://sciencing.com/effect-ph-living-organisms-6723807.html
A video about how living organisms tolerate different pH levels in the water column.